Methods of neutralizing relaxed hair and compositions for same

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to processes for neutralizing relaxed hair. Still further, the present invention relates to neutralizer compositions for use on relaxed hair. Still further, the present invention relates to a system for neutralizing relaxed hair. Yet further, the invention relates to relaxed hair neutralized by the compositions and methods disclosed herein.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of and claims the benefit of priorityto U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/654,233, filed Sep. 2, 2003, nowU.S. Pat. No. 7,874,299, issued on Jan. 25, 2011. The entire disclosureof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/654,233 is incorporated byreference herein for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to processes for neutralizing relaxedhair. Still further, the present invention relates to neutralizercompositions for use on relaxed hair. Still further, the presentinvention relates to a system for neutralizing relaxed hair. Yetfurther, the invention relates to relaxed hair neutralized by thecompositions and methods disclosed herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hair is an exceedingly strong fiber. This strength is conferredprimarily by disulfide bonds within the cortex of the hair fiber and bya protective cuticle layer that encapsulates the entire hair fiber. Thenatural degree of curliness of one's hair is largely determined by theorientation of these disulfide bonds. In order to change the physicalconfiguration of hair, these disulfide bonds must be broken. When hairis exceedingly curly in its natural state, fairly aggressive conditionsmust normally be used to substantially lessen or eliminate the amount ofcurl. Simply put, the curlier the hair, the more curl that needs to beremoved to make the hair straight and, in turn, the more disulfide bondsneed to be broken to make the hair straight.

In order to straighten exceedingly curly hair, alkaline compositionsmust be used. These compositions differ from the thiol-basedcompositions used in perming in that bond breakage is achieved byhydroxide-containing compounds. Hydroxides are very strong reducingagents and the compositions in which they are formulated are highlyalkaline. Accordingly, the pH of relaxer compositions is generallywithin the range of pH 12 to pH 14. In most circumstances, compositionsfor the straightening of exceedingly curly hair are termed “lye” typeand “no-lye” type compositions. The relaxing process is usually combinedwith mechanical straightening of the hair, such as by combing, wherestraightening occurs through changing of the relative positions ofopposite polypeptide chains.

As would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, understrongly alkaline conditions, such as those conferred by the applicationof typical relaxer compositions to hair, the disulfide bonds of cystinein hair are converted to stable, irreversible crosslinks of primarilylanthionine with some lysinoalanine. Thus, unlike when hair is reducedwith thiol or bisulfite relaxers, a chemical oxidative re-linking stepis unnecessary. Rather, the only step required following an alkalinerelaxer is to promptly remove the relaxing composition by rinsing thehair with water, and to substantially neutralize all remaining alkalinematerial to avoid damage to the hair protein or skin. For this purpose,a neutral pH or acidic pH shampoo is applied to the hair to neutralizeand remove residual alkaline material from the hair and scalp.

In use, after rinsing the hair of most of the excess relaxercomposition, the shampoo neutralizer is applied to the hair. In order tomake sure that substantially all of the alkalinity is removed from thehair, care must be taken to fully distribute the shampoo neutralizerthrough the hair. As such, existing methods of neutralizing relaxed hairinvariably require the neutralizer shampoo composition to be massaged orkneaded into the relaxed hair.

However, when hair is in its relaxed state i.e., after straightening butbefore the alkalinity is removed, the fibers are easily stretched,twisted, or broken. Those skilled in the art will recognize that thestudies given in the current literature clearly demonstrate thatchemical treatments such as bleaching, waving, and straightening causechanges in the physical properties of hair and related fibers.Measurements of parameters such as Young's Modulus, Load-ElongationCurves and the like have shown that: (1) wet hair stretches more easilythan dry hair; (2) chemically treated hair loses some of its tensilestrength; (3) the amount of force required to stretch a wet chemicallytreated hair is lower than that required to stretch a wet, non-treatedhair to the same extent; and (4) the amount of total force required toreach the breaking point in a wet, chemically treated hair is lower thanthat required to reach the point of breakage in wet, non-treated hair.Excessive stretching can also result in cuticle lifting and fibersplitting.

The elliptical shape of hair fibers of people of African descent,so-called “kinky” or “curly” hair is also well documented in theliterature. Hair of this type tends to have a combination of areas offairly normal cross-sectional area with intermittent bends and twistswhere the cross-sectional area of the hair fiber is reduced or narrowed.These areas of reduced cross-sectional area in effect create naturalweak spots where mechanical forces applied to the hair are concentratedover a smaller area. Thus, persons with this type of hair are inherentlymore at risk of hair damage by mechanical forces applied to the hairfiber than are persons with hair of more uniform cross-sectional area.Further, excessive stretching and twisting can result in damage to orloss of hair's protective cuticle leaving the hair vulnerable to damagefrom heat styling, combing, and environmental effects of naturalweathering. Accordingly, when a shampoo neutralizer is massaged orkneaded into the relaxed hair, hair breakage necessarily results becauseof the application of force to the relaxed hair from the massaging orkneading of the neutralizer shampoo into the hair. Such breakage, whichmay be considerable, normally occurs even when the operator isexercising care in applying the shampoo neutralizer to the relaxed hair.

In light of the above, it would be desirable to have a process forneutralizing relaxed hair that minimizes or substantially eliminates thechance of hair damage during neutralization. Further, it would bedesirable to have a process where effective neutralization of reducedhair is conferred without having to substantially manipulate the hair toapply the neutralizer composition. Still further, it would be desirableto have hair that is less damaged after relaxing and neutralizing hair.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to processes for use with “lye” or“no-lye” relaxers. Still further, the present invention relates toneutralizer mousse compositions for use on relaxed hair. Still further,the present invention relates to a system for neutralizing relaxed hair.Yet further, the invention relates to relaxed hair neutralized by thecompositions and methods disclosed herein. Hair neutralized according tothe methods and compositions herein exhibits at least about 10% lessbreakage than hair neutralized using shampoo neutralizers.

Additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in thedescription that follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or can be learned by practice of the invention. Theadvantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means ofthe elements and combination particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing generaldescription and the following detailed description are exemplary andexplanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph of a comparison of hair damage with the neutralizermousse compositions of the invention and comparative shampoo-typeneutralizers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention can be understood more readily by reference to thefollowing detailed description of the invention and the Examplesincluded herein and to the FIGURE and its previous and followingdescription. It is also to be understood that the terminology usedherein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and isnot intended to be limiting.

It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referentsunless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example,reference to “an acid” includes mixtures of acids.

Often ranges are expressed herein as from “about” one particular value,and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range isexpressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/orto the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed asapproximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understoodthat the particular value forms another aspect. It will be furtherunderstood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant bothin relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the otherendpoint.

In the specification and in the claims that follow, reference will bemade to a number of terms that shall be defined to have the followingmeanings:

The term “exceedingly curly hair” denotes hair that naturally exhibits atight curl or wave pattern and will be referred to herein generally as“hair.” Such hair may also be known to one of ordinary skill in the artas “kinky hair,” “ethnic hair” or “curly” hair.

The term “hair relaxing” as used herein refers to a treatment wherebyhair is treated under a highly-alkaline pH of about greater than aboutpH 12 to about pH 14, wherein the composition used to relax the haircomprises a water-soluble chemical base. The composition used to relaxhair is referred to herein as the “relaxing agent” or “relaxer.” Thecompositions suitable for use herein can be “lye” and “no-lye” relaxingagents, as such materials would be known to one of ordinary skill in theart. Such compositions are discussed in detail in U.S. Pat. No.6,562,327, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in itsentirety by this reference for its discussion of relaxing agents.

In particular, relaxing agents suitable for use herein can comprise oneor more of: an alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide; alkali earth metal hydroxide,such as calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide oroxides thereof capable of forming hydroxides in water; or a relativelystrong organic base, such as guanidine, guanidine hydroxide orquaternary ammonium hydroxide. Yet still further, the relaxing agentscan comprise liquid or cream (emulsified) compositions or a combinationthereof.

“Relaxed hair” means hair that has been treated with the relaxing agent.As used herein, “relaxed hair” is hair that has not yet beenneutralized.

The term “neutralize” is used herein to generally denote a post-relaxertreatment whereby residual alkalinity is eliminated from relaxed hair. Aneutralizer is applied substantially immediately to the relaxed hairfollowing completion of the relaxing step, typically after the relaxingagent has been completely removed or almost completely removed from therelaxed hair by one or more rinsing steps. “Relaxed and neutralizedhair” is hair that has been subjected to hair relaxing, followed byneutralization as described further herein.

The term “mousse,” as used herein, is equivalent to foam, and refers tothe dispensed product, unless otherwise specified. The neutralizermousse compositions of the present invention are packaged in appropriatecontainers equipped with the appropriate dispensers and in anappropriate manner so as to provide a product which dispenses a mousseproduct, the containers, dispensers and necessary techniques for thisbeing well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.

A weight percent of a component, unless specifically stated to thecontrary, is based on the total weight of the formulation or compositionin which the component is included.

By the term “effective amount” of a compound or property as providedherein is meant such amount as is capable of performing the function ofthe compound or property for which an effective amount is expressed. Aswill be pointed out below, the exact amount required will vary fromprocess to process, depending on recognized variables such as thecompounds employed and the processing conditions observed. For example,an effective amount of neutralizer mousse composition will depend, inpart, on the amount of hair being neutralized, the strength of therelaxer composition applied and the condition of the hair prior toapplication of the reducing agent. Thus, it is not possible herein tospecify an exact “effective amount.” However, an appropriate effectiveamount may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using onlyroutine experimentation.

The present invention relates to compositions for neutralizing relaxedhair. Yet further, the present invention relates to a system forneutralizing relaxed hair. In one aspect, the invention pertains toneutralizer mousse compositions as discussed further herein. Stillfurther, the present invention relates to processes for neutralizingreduced hair. Yet still further, the invention relates to relaxed hairthat has been neutralized with the methods and compositions herein wherethe hair is less damaged than relaxed hair neutralized with prior artneutralizers that require substantial manipulation of the hair uponapplication of the neutralizer to the relaxed hair.

In a major aspect of the present invention, the neutralizing moussecomposition comprises a foam, that is, a mousse formulation. Stillfurther, the present invention comprises a system for neutralizing haircomprising a mousse concentrate and one or more propellants. Yet stillfurther, the present invention comprises a kit for neutralizing haircomprising a relaxing agent and a neutralizer mousse composition. Stillfurther, the kit does not include a neutralizer shampoo composition.

The pH of the neutralizer mousse compositions of the present inventionis from about pH 3.5 to about pH 8.0, or from about pH 4.5 to about pH7.0. Still further, the pH of the neutralizer mousse compositions of thepresent invention can be about 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5,7.0 or 7.5, where any value can form an upper or a lower endpoint, asappropriate.

The pH of the neutralizer mousse compositions is conferred by thepresence of acid in the compositions. The acid materials that can beused to provide an acidic pH to the neutralizer compositions comprisesone or more acids from the following classes: (1) organic acids—examplesinclude, but are not limited to, citric acid, lactic acid, glutamicacid, succinic acid, EDTA acid; (2) inorganic acids—examples include,but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid; and (3)chemical reagents capable of functioning as proton donors which byvirtue of this property form acidic solutions in water.

The neutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention mayoptionally comprise appropriate buffering agents for the particularacids used in the compositions. Such buffering agents would be known toone of ordinary skill in the art and accordingly are not discussed indetail herein.

In one aspect, the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention can comprise any propellant suitable for use to provide amousse. In a further aspect, the neutralizer mousse compositions cancomprise a single propellant. In still further aspects, the neutralizermousse compositions can comprise a mixture of two or more propellants.

In particular, the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention will include a propellant that serves to expel a mousseconcentrate from a container, and helps form the foam character that isunderstood to be present in mousse compositions. The propellant used inthe neutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention can be anyliquefiable gas conventionally used for aerosol containers. Examples ofsuitable propellants include dimethyl ether and hydrocarbon propellantssuch as propane, n-butane and isobutane. Water insoluble propellants,especially hydrocarbons, may be used because they generally formemulsion droplets on agitation and create suitable mousse foamdensities.

In one aspect, the propellant in the neutralizer mousse compositions ofthe present invention can comprise a compressed gas. Examples ofcompressed gases are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., which remain asgases in the container. If the gas is soluble in the liquid neutralizerformulation, the compressed gas can be partially solubilized in theliquid formulation. As known to one of ordinary skill in the art, thepressure that results from such a product can be controlled by theamount of propellant that is solubilized in the liquid concentrate andwhat is left in the head space.

In a further aspect, the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention can comprise a liquefied propellant. They are so-calledbecause they are gases under normal temperature and pressure but becomeliquids under higher atmospheric pressure. As would be recognized by oneof ordinary skill in the art, liquefied propellants may be advantageousin the mousse compositions because they generally maintain a constantpressure throughout the useful life of the mousse composition byconverting from a liquid state to a gaseous state as the can isdepleted. This provides the user with a product that does not vary toomuch in its properties over the dispensing life of the product. Suitableliquefied propellants are hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons and dimethylether. Hydrocarbons used in the personal care industry can be mixturesof isobutane, n-butane and propane. The liquefied propellants can beblended to give the desired pressure. For example, hydrocarbon A-46 is amixture of about 15.1% by weight of propane and about 84.9% by weight ofisobutane blended to give about 46 psi pressure at about 70° F. If lowerpressures are desired, then the propellants can be used as is. Forexample, n-butane has a pressure of about 17 psi at about 70° F. andisobutane has a pressure of about 31 psi at about 70° F. which can beused without blending.

Hydrofluorocarbons may also be used in the neutralizer moussecompositions present invention. One useful hydrofluorocarbon is Dymel152A manufactured by Dupont, (Wilmington, Del.). Dymel 152A has apressure of about 62 psi at about 70° F. which can make it desirable fora number of mousse formulations, including the neutralizer moussecompositions of the present invention. Dymel 152A is also denser thanhydrocarbons which can be an advantage when filling cans to a desiredweight.

In a further aspect, the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention can comprise CO₂ as a propellant. The CO₂ can be used alone orin combination with another propellant disclosed herein. It has beensurprisingly found that mousse compositions comprising CO₂ as apropellant provide superior neutralization of hair neutralized inaccordance with the methods herein. Such neutralization is at leastequal to or, in some cases, superior to the neutralization seen withtraditional “shampoo-type” neutralizers.

Further, it has been surprisingly found that if necessary, the foamquality of the neutralizer mousse compositions having CO₂ as apropellant can be improved when the mousse comprises a secondarypropellant, such as the hydrocarbon, ether or halocarbon propellantmaterials discussed elsewhere herein.

In the formulation of the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention, the choice and amount of propellant will be significant indetermining the amount and type of foam produced. One of ordinary skillin the art would readily recognize the formulation considerations neededto obtain foams of the desired consistency. As such, the details ofthese formulations are not discussed in detail herein.

Amounts of propellant in the neutralizer mousse compositions of thepresent invention may range from about 1 to about 40% by weight of theformulation, or from about 2 to about 15% by weight, or from about 3 andabout 14% by weight based on the total weight neutralizer mousseconcentrate and propellant combination in the container.

In manufacturing, the liquid concentrate is generally first filled intoa container which is sealed with a valve cup, followed by introductionof the propellant via pressure filling. It is also possible to do “underthe cup filling” where the propellant is filled and the valve cup sealedin one step.

When the propellant is a gas, as opposed to a liquid, the amount ofpropellant included in the container is generally measured in pounds persquare inch (“psi”). In accordance with the present invention, theamount of gaseous propellant included in the neutralizer moussecompositions can be from about 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 or 300 psi,where any value can be used as an upper or a lower endpoint asappropriate and which value is limited only by the mechanical strengthof the container and valving used on the dispenser.

In some aspects, a propellant suitable for use herein may have a vaporpressure that should be reduced to improve the propellant's propertiesfor use in a mousse composition. If a propellant such as dimethyl etherincludes a vapor pressure suppressant (e.g. trichloroethane ordichloromethane), for weight percentage calculations of the amount ofpropellant included in the neutralizer mousse composition, the amount ofsuppressant is included as part of the propellant.

The method of preparing neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention is in accordance with procedures known to one of ordinaryskill in the art. In such an aspect, the neutralizer mousse compositioningredients (not including the propellant) are charged into a suitablepressurizable container which is sealed and then charged with thepropellant according to known methods.

Depending on the type of properties desired in the final product, themousse can comprise one or more surfactants in varying amounts. In oneaspect, a low foaming composition can be provided using a low amount ofsurfactant. Still further, a higher amount of surfactant can be used toprovide a higher foaming mousse. Yet still further, the propellantsystem can be varied to affect the final properties of the dispensedfoam as discussed in more detail herein.

The neutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention willtypically include one or more surfactants as described above in a totalamount ranging from about 0.1% to 20%, or from about 0.1% to 15% byweight based on total weight of the neutralizer mousse compositions.Still further, the amount of surfactant may be from about 0.1, 0.5, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17 or 20% by weight, where any valuecan form an upper or a lower endpoint as appropriate.

A wide range of surfactants generally suitable for use in hair careformulations at acidic pH's can be used in the neutralizer moussecompositions of the invention. In various aspects, nonionic, cationic,anionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants can be used eitheralone, or in combination, in the compositions of the present invention.Still further, the surfactant in the neutralizer mousse compositions cancomprise a mixture of one or more nonionic surfactants and one or moreamphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.

Examples of nonionic surfactants that may be used in the neutralizermousse compositions of the present invention include, but are notlimited to: condensation products of aliphatic (C₈-C₁₈) primary orsecondary linear or branched chain alcohols or phenols with alkyleneoxides, usually ethylene oxide and generally having from about 3 to 30ethylene oxide groups. Other suitable nonionics include esters ofsorbitol, esters of sorbitan anhydrides, esters of propylene glycol,fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, fatty acid esters ofpolypropylene glycol, ethoxylated esters and polyoxyethylene fatty etherphosphates. Examples of anionic surfactants are the alkyl sulphates,alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkanoyl isethionates, alkylsuccinates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, N-alkoyl sarcosinates, alkylphosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, andalpha-olefin sulphonates, especially their sodium, magnesium ammoniumand mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts. The alkyl and acyl groupsgenerally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and may be unsaturated. Thealkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ethercarboxylates may contain from one to about 10 ethylene oxide orpropylene oxide units per molecule, and preferably contain about 2 to 3ethylene oxide units per molecule.

Examples of cationic surfactants that may be used in the neutralizermousse compositions of the present invention include, but are notlimited to: cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammoniumchloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride,tetraethylammonium chloride, octyltrimethylammonium chloride,dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride,octyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, decyldimethylbenzylammoniumchloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride,didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammoniumchloride, tallowtrimethylammonium chloride, cocotrimethylammoniumchloride, (and the corresponding hydroxides thereof), and thosematerials having the CTFA designations Quaternium-5, Quaternium-31 andQuaternium-18.

Examples amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants that may be used in theneutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention include, butare not limited to: amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants includealkyl amine oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkylsulphobetaines (sultaines), alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates,alkyl amphopropionates, alkylamphoglycinates alkyl amidopropylhydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates, wherein the alkyland acyl groups have from about 8 to 19 carbon atoms.

Particularly suitable surfactants for use in the neutralizer moussecompositions of the present invention are surfactants that will exhibitsatisfactory foaming at the acidic or near acidic pH's exhibited by theneutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention. Examples ofsurfactants suitable for use in the neutralizer mousse compositions ofthe present invention include but are not limited to salts of laurylsulfate or lauryl ether sulfates including but not limited to thesodium, ammonium and triethanolamine salts of these surfactants, saltsof sulfosuccinates for example sodium and disodium salts, betainesurfactants such as cocamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, andsulfamidobetaine, propionates for example disodiumcocoamphodipropionate; amphoacetates for example disodiumcocoamphodiacetate, amine oxides for example cocamidopropyl amine oxide,carboxylates such as trideceth-7 carboxylic acid, sarcosinates such assodium lauroyl sarcosinate, and foaming protein derivatives such asTEA-cocoyl hydrolyzed protein and TEA-lauroyl hydrolyzed collagen. Itshould be understood by one of skill in the art that the choice ofsurfactant or blend of surfactants for use in the present invention islimited only by considerations of the desired foaming properties,compatability with other mousse ingredients and long-term stability ofthe surfactant or surfactants at neutral or acid pH. Guidelines forsurfactant use are available in the literature in such references asMcCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Detergents and the actual suitability foruse under the conditions of the present invention by any singlesurfactant or blend of surfactants can be determined by one of ordinaryskill in the art without undue experimentation.

The neutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention can includeone or more conditioning agents. In one aspect, the conditioning agentis of the type that would be suitable for application from an acidic pH.Still further, the conditioning agent can comprise a cationic polymericconditioning agent such as, but not limited to, Polyquaternium-10,Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-47, cationic guar andother water-soluble or dispersible polymeric conditioning agents.

Still further, the polymeric conditioning agent can comprise a non-ionicconditioning agent that is substantive to hair by virtue of itsmolecular weight, as opposed to electrostatic attraction. Such materialsare well-known to one of ordinary skill in the hair care formulation artand will not be discussed in detail herein. One particularly suitableconditioning agent is AMAZE®, a corn starch-based conditioning agentavailable from National Starch and Chemical (Bridgewater, N.J.).

The neutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention aredispensed from the container as foams. In a significant aspect of thepresent invention, the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention are applied to hair that has been treated with relaxing agent,rinsed of the relaxer composition, but not yet neutralized. As set forthabove, such hair is referred to herein as “relaxed hair.”

As noted above, the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention have been found to provide effective neutralization whenapplied to relaxed hair. Surprisingly, it has been found that theneutralizing mousse compositions disclosed herein work as effectivelyand, in some instances, better than commercial shampoo-in neutralizerson relaxed hair. This effect was seen regardless of the propellant typeused to provide the foam. Those skilled in the art can readilyappreciate the fundamental problems one would expect from the use offoaming compositions for neutralizing relaxed hair.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed by the inventors hereinthat the formation of bubbles or lather actually ties up thin layers ofthe liquid neutralizing composition in the walls of the bubblesthemselves. Because the acidic neutralizing compound or compounds issolublized in the same liquid tied up in the wall of each bubble, theformation of bubbles or lather is believed to have the effect ofpreventing the neutralizing compound from contacting the hair in all butthe smallest of surface areas. Accordingly, the neutralizing agentcannot penetrate into the hair fiber to complete the task ofneutralizing excess alkalinity until the bubbles have begun to burst andthe liquid is freed to diffuse into the fiber. Surprisingly, it has beendetermined herein that the mousse-type neutralizers of the presentinvention are extremely effective neutralizers despite the presence ofthe large quantity of lather. This result was unexpected by theinventors herein.

Further, without kneading or massaging of a shampoo neutralizer into thehair, relaxed hair has been found to be significantly less likely tobreak due to the reduction of force applied to the hair when it is inits weakened, relaxed form. As such, it has also been surprisingly foundthat relaxed hair neutralized with the neutralizer mousse compositionsof the present invention exhibits significantly less breakage than hairneutralized with the usually-applied shampoo neutralizer formulations.

Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention relates to a processfor neutralizing relaxed hair.

In one aspect of the process for neutralizing relaxed hair, theneutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention are applied toa head of relaxed, but not yet neutralized hair. Upon application of anamount sufficient to coat the hair, the neutralizer mousse compositionremains in contact with the hair for about 30 seconds, about 1 minute,about 2 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 5 minutes,about 6 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9 minutes, orabout 10 minutes or about 20 minutes. Still further, there are about 1,2, 3, 4 or 5 separate applications of the neutralizer moussecompositions. In these aspects, the hair may or may not be rinsed priorto the further application of the neutralizer mousse compositions.

In one aspect, the neutralizer mousse composition is not massaged intothe hair upon application thereof. Still further, upon application ofthe neutralizer mousse compositions to the hair, the mousse is lightlystroked in a downward motion directed toward the ends of the hair, asopposed to manipulating the hair in a massaging or kneading motion. Thismotion is similar or, in some aspects, identical to the “smoothing”action used to ensure suitable incorporation of the relaxing agent intothe hair during the relaxing process. Still further, suitableincorporation of the neutralizer mousse composition into relaxed hair isaccomplished with substantially no physical manipulation of the relaxedhair.

The reduction in damage seen with the methods of the present inventionis manifested in there being fewer broken hair fibers in hair that hasbeen neutralized with the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention, where the number of broken hair fibers is measured incomparison to the number of broken hair fibers resulting from hair thathas been relaxed and then neutralized with prior art shampoo neutralizercompositions.

In accordance with this aspect, relaxed hair neutralized with theneutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention exhibits atleast about 10% less breakage, or at least about 15% less breakage, orat least about 20% less breakage or at least about 25% less breakage,when compared to relaxed hair treated with shampoo-type neutralizers.Still further, hair relaxed with a no-lye relaxing agent followed byneutralization with the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention exhibits significantly less breakage than hair relaxed with ano-lye relaxing agent followed by neutralization with a shampoo-typeneutralizer. Still further, hair relaxed with a lye relaxing agentfollowed by neutralization with the neutralizer mousse compositions ofthe present invention exhibits significantly less breakage than hairrelaxed with a lye relaxing agent followed by neutralization with ashampoo-type neutralizer.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the amount ofalkalinity in the hair is determined by the internal pH of the hair. Theinternal pH is determined by soaking hair that has been relaxed andneutralized in distilled water and measuring the pH of the water after atime period. The pH of the water after soaking of the hair for thespecified time is the internal pH of the relaxed and neutralized hair.

It has been found that the internal pH of the hair after application ofthe neutralizer mousse compositions is at or below the internal pH ofhair that has been treated with prior art shampoo-type neutralizercompositions. This is surprising because, as noted above, it was thoughtthat in order to obtain sufficient neutralization of relaxed hair it wasnecessary to apply substantial physical manipulation to relaxed hair andto apply a shampoo-type neutralizer composition. These compositionscontain a pH indicator whereby the shampoo changed color when a certainpH was obtained. In order to obtain a full color change, it was requiredthat the shampoo-type neutralizer be massaged or kneaded into the hairseveral times. As noted above, the application of such a force to thehair results in significant damage to the hair because relaxed hair isextremely breakable prior to neutralization.

In one aspect, the neutralizer mousse composition remains on the hairfor a time period sufficient to provide a pH of about 11.0 or below whenapproximately 1 gram of relaxed hair is soaked in about 100 grams ofdistilled water for about 5 minutes where the water pH is measured.Still further, the neutralizer mousse composition remains on the hairfor a period of time sufficient to provide a pH of about 10.0 or about11.0 or below when approximately 1 gram of relaxed hair is soaked inabout 100 grams of distilled water for about 10 minutes where water pHis measured. Still further, the neutralizer mousse composition remainson the hair for a period of time sufficient to provide a pH of 11.0 or10.0 or below when approximately 1 gram of relaxed hair is soaked inabout 100 grams of distilled water for about 20 minutes where the waterpH is measured.

As would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the pH ofwater in which the relaxed and neutralized hair has been soaked isdirectly related to the amount of alkaline material that remains in thehair after neutralization. A low initial water pH i.e., after about 5minutes of soak or less, is an indicator that the relaxed hair has beensignificantly neutralized after application of the neutralizer moussecompositions or shampoo-type neutralizer. Further, the pH of the watersoaks at longer times i.e., about 10, 15 or 20 minutes are indicative ofthe residual amount of alkalinity contained within the relaxed andneutralized hair fibers. As illustrated by the Examples presented below,the water soak pH's of relaxed hair treated with the neutralizer moussecompositions of the present invention are equal to or less than thewater soak pH's of relaxed hair treated with prior art shampoo-typeneutralizer compositions at all water soak times measured. These pHresults demonstrate that the neutralizer mousse compositions of thepresent invention provide excellent neutralization of relaxed hair.

In one aspect, an effective amount of neutralizer mousse composition isapplied to relaxed, but not yet neutralized, hair. An effective amountof neutralizer mousse composition is the amount of neutralizer thatresults in a pH after a 5 minute water soak of about pH 10.5 or less orabout pH 10.0 or less. The conditions for the water soak are asdiscussed above.

While the neutralizer mousse compositions can remain in the relaxed hairfor a suitable time so as to provide substantial neutralization of therelaxed hair, as would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in theart, in some aspects it may be useful to include a pH indicator in theneutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention. Suchindicators allow the operator or consumer to obtain a sense of securitythat the neutralization process is complete by a signaling of a pHchange when a suitable amount of alkalinity is eliminated from the hair.Suitable pH indicator materials are well-known in the art and are notdiscussed in detail herein. Once such suitable material isphenolsulfonphthalein also known as “Phenol Red.” Techniques forincorporating this material into a neutralizer product are well-known toone of ordinary skill in the art and, as such, are not discussed indetail herein.

After the neutralizer mousse composition has remained on the hair for asufficient time as defined herein or when the pH indicator signals asuitable pH change, the neutralizer mousse compositions can be rinsedfrom the hair. Still further, the neutralizer mousse compositions can beleft in the hair. Yet still further, the hair can be styled as usualafter application of the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention. In a further aspect, the hair can be shampooed after one ormore applications of the neutralizer mousse composition of the presentinvention.

In one aspect, the mousse neutralizer compositions of the presentinvention comprise an aqueous solution of water-soluble acidic materialscapable of neutralizing alkalinity on or in relaxed hair and aneffective amount of a material that is suitable to provide a foam.However, one reasonably skilled in the art would recognize that thepresent invention can be modified to enhance the qualities of the foamobtained, the condition of the hair, and the organoleptic qualities ofboth the foam and the relaxed hair.

Examples of other ingredients which may be present in the neutralizermousse compositions of the present invention include, but are notlimited to: (1) viscosity adjusters and foam stabilizers like amineoxides, alkanolamides, and polymeric thickening agents; (2) pH adjustingagents and buffering agents designed to prevent age-induced changes informula characteristics or surfactant degradation; and (3) specialtyadditives which impart improved organoleptic properties to the foamand/or the treated hair (examples include conditioning agents, proteins,re-fatting agents, anti-irritants, etc.) Such materials and theincorporation thereof into hair care products are well-known to one orordinary skill in the art and, as such, is not discussed in detailherein.

EXPERIMENTAL

The following Examples are put forth so as to provide those of ordinaryskill in the art with a complete disclosure and description of how thecompounds claimed herein are made and evaluated, and are intended to bepurely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to limit thescope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Efforts have beenmade to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g., amounts,temperature, etc.) but some errors and deviations should be accountedfor. Unless indicated otherwise, parts are parts by weight, temperatureis in ° F. or is at room temperature, and pressure is at or nearatmospheric.

Each of the neutralizer mousse compositions evaluated in the Examplesbelow were prepared using mousse concentrates MC1 or MC2 as indicated inthe respective examples. The mousse dispensers were charged with thespecified propellant using conventional methods.

Mousse Concentrate Formulations

A. Mousse Concentrate 1 (“MC1”)

Ingredient Amount (g) Source Water q.s. to 100 Deionized tap water DMDMhydantoin 0.50 Lonza, Inc. (Fair Lawn, NJ) Propylene glycol 1.00 JeenChemical (Fairfield, NJ) Glutamic acid 0.60 Fisher Scientific (Hampton,NH) Mono sodium 0.60 Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH) glutamate Gafquat755N 6.00 ISP Corp. (Wayne, NJ) Monaquat TG 1.00 Uniqema (New Castle,DE) Tween 20 1.00 ICI Surfactants (Wilmington, DE) Silwax WSL 2.00Siltech, Inc. (Toronto, CA) Phenol red 0.01 Pylam Dye (Tempe, AZ)Fragrance 0.40 Intarome Fragrance (Norwood, NJ)B. Mousse Concentrate 2 (“MC2”)

Ingredient Amount (g) Source Water q.s. to 100 Deionized tap waterMethyl paraben 0.20 Jeen Chemical Propyl paraben 0.20 Jeen ChemicalPolymer JR30M 0.40 Amerchol Corp. (Dow Chemical, Freeport, TX) Propyleneglycol 1.00 Jeen Chemical AMAZE 1.0 National Starch and Chemical PhenolRed 0.01 Pylam Triethanolamine, 98% 0.56 Fisher Scientific Citric acid0.41 Fisher Scientific Cocamidopropyl 13.50 McIntyre Group (Universitybetaine (30%) Park, IL) Disodium laureth 5.00 McIntyre Groupsulfosuccinate Polysorbate-20 1.00 ICI Surfactants DMDM Hydantoin 0.40Lonza, Inc. Fragrance 0.25 Intarome Fragrance

Example 1 Procedure for Relaxing and Neutralizing Hair

Materials: DeMeo African Kinky Hair (DeMeo Brothers, Ltd.; New York)

-   -   Alkaline Hair Straightening Composition    -   Applicator Brush and/or Smoothing Comb    -   Rinse Water    -   Neutralizing Compositions    -   pH meter standardized to pH 7.0 and pH 10.0    -   Distilled Water    -   150-mL beakers

Tresses of DeMeo African Kinky hair were bound at the proximal end. Eachtress contained approximately one gram of hair

For the Comparative Examples and the relaxed hair treated with theneutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention, an alkalineguanidine-based relaxer composition was applied to hair. Unlessotherwise specified, all examples were treated with a relaxercomposition comprising a 1:1 mixture of 8% by weight Ca(OH)₂ cream baseand a 12% by weight guanidine carbonate cream base. After thoroughmixing of the compositions, an applicator brush was used to apply therelaxer composition to African Kinky hair and timing was begun. Therelaxer composition remained on the hair for 20 minutes. During thattime, the applicator brush was used to smooth the hair twice (once 5-minafter initial application and again 15-min after the initialapplication). After 20 min, excess relaxer was rinsed from the tressusing tap water. The tress was very lightly blotted with fingertips toremove excess water. The tress was then ready for immediate treatmentwith neutralizing composition(s).

For the Comparative Examples, the identified shampoo-type neutralizercompositions were applied to the hair and allowed to remain in contactwith the hair as directed by the manufacturer. In the case of commercialshampoo neutralizer products, the tresses were repeatedly shampooeduntil the lather formed during shampooing no longer turned pink.

In the case of the neutralizing mousse compositions of the presentinvention, unless otherwise specified, mousse was sprayed onto hair inan amount sufficient to saturate the hair and allowed to remain on thehair for 1 minute. The hair was not massaged or kneaded while theneutralizer mousse composition was on the hair. The pH of allneutralizer mousse compositions was between pH 4.0 and 6.0.

When noted, the neutralizer mousse composition was applied in multipleapplications. All tresses were rinsed with water after each applicationof neutralizing composition. After the final application of neutralizingcomposition, each tress was rinsed with distilled water and blotted.

Example 2 Determination of the internal pH of relaxed and NeutralizedHair

To determine the internal pH of the hair, relaxed and neutralizedtresses were placed in a beaker containing 100 grams of distilled waterand a standardized pH electrode. The pH of the distilled water soak wasrecorded at 5 minute intervals for 5 to 20 min.

Example 3 pH Results for Neutralization of Hair with Neutralizer MousseCompositions Prepared from MC1

Neutralizer mousse compositions were prepared from MC1 as set out above.Mousse formulations conforming to various neutralizer moussecompositions of the present invention were prepared using conventionalfilling techniques with the propellants as specified.

Tresses were relaxed and neutralized with the neutralizer moussecompositions of the present invention according to the procedure inExample 1. The pH results are as follows:

pH of water soak after, Sample Propellent 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min010-1 A-70 at 6.0 wt % 10.50 10.77 10.80 10.88 010-2 A-46 at 6.0 wt %10.48 10.73 10.84 11.01 010-3 134a at 6.0 wt % 9.75 10.17 10.26 10.30010-4 CO₂ at 5.0 wt % 8.40 8.76 9.20 9.21

The above results demonstrate that neutralizer mousse compositions ofthe present invention provide significant neutralization to relaxedhair.

Example 4 Comparative Examples Determination of pH of Hair Relaxed andNeutralized with Commercial Relaxer Formulations

A number of commercially available neutralizer products typicallyrecommended for use after a relaxer treatment were tested on hairtreated with the guanidine-type relaxer specified above in Example 1.The neutralizer compositions were as supplied in commercially availablehair relaxer products. Each product was evaluated on two occasions sothat the reproducibility of the results was clearly demonstrated.

Product/Mfr 5 min pH 10 min pH 15 min pH 20 min pH Optimum Care 9.699.85 9.98 n/d (Soft Sheen Carson) Optimum Care 9.56 9.88 9.99 10.15(Soft Sheen Carson) Synthesis III 9.66 9.88 9.96 10.05 (Soft SheenCarson) Synthesis III 9.62 9.9 9.98 10.19 (Soft Sheen Carson) GentleTreatment 9.78 10.19 10.41 n/d (Johnson Products) Gentle Treatment 9.3210.28 10.48 10.57 (Johnson Products) Dark & Lovely 9.84 10.35 10.46 n/d(Soft Sheen Carson) Soft-n-Beautiful 9.97 10.17 10.28 n/d (Pro-LineCorp) IsoPlus 9.82 9.99 10.56 10.91 (JM Products) Elasta QP 9.83 10.2310.38 10.55 (Elasta Products) Clariol Textures 10.44 10.52 10.62 10.71(Clairol) “n/d” means data for this time point were not obtained.

Example 4 Effect of Extended Neutralization Times and MultipleTreatments on pH of Relaxed and Neutralized Hair

pH of water soak after, Sample 5 min 10 min 15 min EXTENDED TREATMENTTIMES NEUTRALIZER MOUSSE COMPOSITIONS WITH MC2 108-1 CO₂ at 50 psi 5 MIN9.7 10.2 10.31 108-2 CO₂ at 100 psi 5 MIN 10.31 10.61 10.73 108-3 CO₂ at150 psi 5 MIN 9.65 10.73 10.81 MULTIPLE TREATMENTS NEUTRALIZER MOUSSECOMPOSITIONS WITH MC2 118-1 CO₂ Saturation & Purge First 9.59 10.2710.29 118-2 CO₂ Saturation & Purge Second 9.31 9.68 9.7 118-3 CO₂Saturation & Purge Third 8.86 9.17 9.54 119-2 CO₂ Saturation & PurgeFirst 9.91 10.45 10.48 119-3 CO₂ Saturation & Purge Second 9.9 10.1410.21 119-4 CO₂ Saturation & Purge Third 8.81 9.1 9.34

This example shows that extended treatment times and multipleapplications of the neutralizer mousse compositions of the presentinvention can lower the internal pH of the hair.

Example 5 Effect of Propellant Type and Amount on NeutralizationEffectiveness

NEUTRALIZER MOUSSE Sample COMPOSITIONS TYPE 5 min 10 min 15 minNEUTRALIZER MOUSSE COMPOSITIONS prepared with MC1 008-1 MC1; A-70propellant at 6.0 wt % 10.5 10.77 10.8 008-2 MC1; A-46 propellant at 6.0wt % 10.48 10.73 10.84 008-3 MC1; 134a propellant at 6.0 wt % 9.75 10.1710.26 008-4 MC1; CO₂ propellant at 5.0 wt % 8.4 8.76 9.2 108-1 MC2; withCO₂ at 50 psi 10.44 10.82 10.81 108-2 MC2; with CO₂ at 100 psi 9.6110.46 10.64 108-3 MC2; with CO₂ at 150 psi 10.41 10.82 10.96 129-1 MC2;CO₂ saturation and purge 9.61 9.66 9.69 129-1 MC2; CO₂ saturation andpurge 9.74 9.95 9.97 129-1 MC2; CO₂ saturation and purge 9.41 9.73 9.88

In this example, hair was relaxed for 20 min with a mixture of 8%Ca(OH)₂ cream base (60 grams) and 12% guanidine carbonate cream base (40grams). After rinsing the relaxer composition from the hair, each tresswas coated with mousse. The mousse was allowed to remain on the hair for1 min. After 1 min the tress was thoroughly rinsed with tap water andblotted prior to further testing.

This example shows that various propellant types may be used in theneutralizer mousse compositions of the present invention to provideeffective neutralization.

Example 6 Effect of Propellant on Neutralization Effectiveness

pH of water soak after Sample Propellent 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min127-1 CO₂ 9.4 10.33 10.49 10.46 128-1 5 wt % CO₂, 1X 8.81 9.83 9.87 9.92129-1 AB-46 10.65 10.67 10.7 10.82 130-1 152A 10.3 10.46 10.67 10.69139-3 5 wt % P-134a, 1X 10.31 10.58 10.89 10.91 140-1 5 wt % P134a/CO₂,1X 10.33 10.55 10.6 10.63 127-2 CO₂ 8.32 9.18 9.2 9.23 128-2 5 wt %CO_(2,) 2X 8.29 8.73 9.09 9.19 129-2 AB-46 9.09 10.11 10.14 10.16 130-2152A 9.43 9.99 10.4 10.44 139-4 5 wt % P-134a, 2X 10.28 10.54 10.6810.77 140-2 5 wt % P134a/CO₂, 2X 9.64 9.99 10.17 10.38 127-3 CO₂ 8.519.29 9.47 9.5 128-3 5 wt % CO₂, 3X 8.23 8.53 8.8 8.78 129-3 AB-46 8.659.1 9.47 9.51 130-3 152A 8.8 10.27 10.32 10.34 139-5 5 wt % P-134a, 3X9.88 10.31 10.52 10.52 140-3 5 wt % P134a/CO₂, 3X 8.99 9.64 9.85 9.92

This example shows that different propellant types can provide effectiveneutralization to relaxed hair. 1×, 2× and 3× indicates number of timesthe neutralizer mousse composition was applied to the neutralized hair.

HFC 134a is supplied by DuPont Corporation (Wilmington, Del.). A-46Propellant is supplied by Aeropres Corporation (Shreveport, La.). AB-46is supplied by Diversified CPC Intl. (Chinnanon, Ill.). P-134a issupplied by Technical Propellents Inc. (Ponca City, Okla.).

Example 7 Effect of Mixed Propellant System on NeutralizationEffectiveness

pH of deionized water soak at Sample Propellent 5 min 10 min 15 min 20min NEUTRALIZER MOUSSE COMPOSITIONS MADE WITH MC2 157-1 2% A-46 & 100psi CO₂ 9.61 9.8 10.6 10.61 158-1 1% A-46 & 100 psi CO₂ 9.26 9.82 10.3810.39 157-2 2% A-46 & 100 psi CO₂ 8.83 9.23 9.24 9.23 158-3 1% A-46 &100 psi CO₂ 8.83 9.21 9.3 9.3

Neutralization data are based on three 1-min applications of mousse torelaxed hair. This example shows that a mixed propellant systemneutralizer mousse compositions provides excellent neutralization ofrelaxed hair. The hair was rinsed between applications.

Example 8 Neutralization Effectiveness of MC2 Dispensed from Spray-TypeMousse Containers

pH of water soak after, Sample 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min 164-1 10.2710.35 10.64 10.66 164-2 9.46 9.83 10.09 10.12 164-3 9.15 9.7 9.88 9.99164-4 9.77 10.39 10.64 10.7

-   -   (1) Samples were packaged in aerosol cans equipped with        spray-type nozzles rather than mousse nozzles. P-134a was used        to aerosolize the above samples and the last digit in the sample        code represents the percentage of propellant.

The above data show that the neutralizer mousse compositions of thepresent invention effectively neutralize relaxed hair when dispensedfrom spray-type mousse containers.

Example 9 Neutralizer Effectiveness of MC2 Neutralizer MousseFormulation having Mixed CO₂-Butane Propellant System

pH of water soak after, Sample 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min 011-1 8.869.21 9.47 9.49 011-2 9.63 10.28 10.53 10.53

The neutralizer mousse compositions of this example had a propellant of2.0% butane and carbon dioxide which was filled via impact gassing.

Example 10 Evaluation of Hair Breakage with Hair Relaxed with No-LyeRelaxers and Neutralized with Neutralizer Mousse Compositions andCompetitive Shampoo Neutralizers

No-Lye Relaxer Products Used in Study (type of neutralizer supplied withproduct)

A. Dark & Lovely—L′Oreal S. A., New York, N.Y.—(shampoo neutralizer)

B. Optimum—Soft Sheen, Chicago, Ill.—(shampoo neutralizer)

C. Soft & Beautiful—Alberto-Culver, Melrose Park, Ill.—(shampooneutralizer)

D. Precise—Wella Group, Woodland Hills, Calif.—(shampoo neutralizer)

E. P-Profectiv—Strength of Nature, Savannah, Ga.—(neutralizer mousse)

The neutralizer mousse in the Profectiv product has the followingformulation (sources as in Example 1):

INGREDIENT WT % Part A Water q.s. to 100 Preservative 1.00 Polymer JR30M0.40 AMAZE 1.00 Part B-Premix Water 1.00 Triethanolamine, 88% 0.56 PartC-Premix Water 1.00 Phenol Red (Indicator) 0.01 Part D-Premix Water 1.00Citric Acid, anhydrous 0.41 Part E Cocamidopropylbetaine, 30% 6.75Mackinate EL 2.50 Part F-Premix Polysorbate 20 1.00 Fragrance andnatural extracts 0.40

The premix ingredients were mixed together to form a mousse concentrate.The mousse concentrate was charged into a mousse dispenser along with amixture of carbon dioxide at 100 psi and A-46 propellant at 2% byweight.

The salon evaluator parted a head of hair into two sections down themiddle. The left side of the head was defined and then one of either ofthe no-lye relaxers denoted A, B, C or D was applied to one side of thehalf head. Each other half head had a single no-lye relaxer applied tothe head (Profectiv, Strength of Nature LLC, Savannah, Ga.). In therelaxer application and neutralizing process, care was taken to keepproducts separate on each side of the head. After completion of therelaxing and neutralizing steps, the salon evaluator took care tocollect broken hair that had fallen out from each side of head. Brokenhair from each side of the head was then placed in a marked container.After broken hair naturally dried inside the marked container, theevaluator counted broken hair from each half head side. The hair countis shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF HAIR RELAXED WITH NO LYE RELAXERS AND TREATED WITHSHAMPOO-TYPE NEUTRALIZER AND NEUTRALIZER MOUSSE COMPOSITIONS Number ofNumber of % Decrease in Type of re- Broken Hairs: Broken Number ofBroken Head laxer per Neutralizer Hairs: Sham- Hairs with Neu- Num- eachhalf Mousse poo Neu- tralizer Mousse ber of head Composition tralizersComposition 1 P/A 39 58 −33% 2 P/B 55 75 −27% 3 P/C 35 47 −26% 4 P/B 6075 −20% 5 P/A 204 316 −35% 6 P/D 55 70 −21% 7 P/C 40 65 −38% 8 P/B 62 87−29% 9 P/B 107 130 −18% 10 P/A 67 100 −33% 11 P/D 100 147 −32% 12 P/C 6679 −16% 13 P/A 125 155 −19% TOTAL 1015 1404 −28%

From the above data, which are presented in graphic form in FIG. 1, itis apparent that hair relaxed with no-lye relaxer that is neutralizedusing a neutralizer mousse composition of the present invention exhibitssignificantly less breakage than hair on the same head that has beenrelaxed with a no-lye relaxer and neutralized with a shampoo-typeneutralizer product. Moreover, the evaluators consistently rated theneutralizer mousse composition treated hair as shinier and softer thanhair treated with shampoo-type neutralizers. Further, the evaluatorsrecognized that hair neutralized with the neutralizer moussecompositions of the present invention had increased tensile strength.These results demonstrate that the neutralizer mousse compositions ofthe present invention provide results that are superior toneutralization with competitive shampoo-type neutralizer compositions.

Throughout this application, various publications are referenced. Thedisclosures of these publications in their entireties are herebyincorporated by reference into this application in order to more fullydescribe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the present inventionwithout departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Otheraspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the artfrom consideration of the specification and practice of the inventiondisclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples beconsidered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of theinvention being indicated by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for neutralizing relaxed haircomprising: a. a mousse concentrate comprising water, an acid and asurfactant; and b. one or more propellants, wherein the system issuitable for applying to relaxed hair to provide neutralization thereof;and wherein when applied to relaxed hair, the neutralized hair exhibitsat least about 10% fewer broken hair fibers as compared to relaxed hairthat has been neutralized with a shampoo neutralizer product.
 2. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the one or more propellants comprise carbondioxide.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more propellantscomprise one or more of: a hydrocarbon, a hydroflurocarbon or dimethylether.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more propellantscomprise a mixture of carbon dioxide and one or more of a hydrocarbon, ahydroflurocarbon or dimethyl ether.
 5. The system of claim 1 having a pHof from about 3.5 to 8.0.
 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising acontainer, wherein the mousse concentrate and the one or morepropellants is contained therein.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein theone or more propellants comprises carbon dioxide, wherein the pressureof the propellants in the container is from about 50 to about 200 psi.8. A kit comprising the neutralizer system of claim 1 and a relaxingagent.
 9. The kit of claim 8, wherein the relaxing agent comprises ano-lye relaxing agent.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein when appliedto relaxed hair, the neutralized hair exhibits at least about 20% fewerbroken hair fibers as compared to relaxed hair that has been neutralizedwith a shampoo neutralizer product.